Course Syllabus

(Total 16 Lectures)

Chemical Thermodynamics

1st law of Thermodynamics: Intensive and extensive variables; state and path functions; isolated, closed and open systems; zeroth law of thermodynamics; Concept of heat, work, internal energy and statement of first law; enthalpy, H; relation between heat capacities, calculations of q, w, ΔU and ΔH for reversible, irreversible and free expansion of gases (ideal and van der Waals) under isothermal and adiabatic conditions; Joule’s experiment and its consequence.

Thermochemistry: Standard states; Heats of reaction; enthalpy of formation of molecules and ions and enthalpy of combustion and its applications; Laws of thermochemistry; bond energy, bond dissociation energy and resonance energy from thermochemical data, Kirchhoff’s equations; Adiabatic flame temperature.

 Chemical Thermodynamics II

Second Law: Need for a Second law; statement of the second law of thermodynamics; Concept of heat reservoirs and heat engines; Carnot cycle; Carnot engine and refrigerator; Kelvin – Planck and Clausius statements and equivalence of the two statements with entropic formulation; Carnot’s theorem; Values of §dQ/T and Clausius inequality; Physical concept of Entropy; Entropy is a measure of the microscopic disorder of the system. Entropy change of systems and surroundings for various processes and transformations; Entropy and unavailable work; Auxiliary state functions (G and A) and their variation with T, P and V. Criteria for spontaneity and equilibrium.

Thermodynamic relations: Maxwell’s relations; Gibbs- Helmholtz equation, Joule-Thomson experiment and its consequences; inversion temperature; Joule-Thomson coefficient for a van der Waals gas; General heat capacity relations

Reference Books

1. Levine, I. N. Physical Chemistry, 6th Edition , McGraw-Hill India
2. Castellan, G. W. Physical Chemistry, Narosa
3. McQuarrie, D. A. & Simons, J. D. Physical Chemistry: A Molecular Approach, Viva Press 
4. Kapoor K.L, A Text Book Of Physical Chemistry , McGraw Hill India
5. Engel, T. & Reid, P. Physical Chemistry, 3rd Edition ,Pearson India
6. Atkins, P. W. & Paula, J. de Atkins’ Physical Chemistry, 10th Edition, Oxford University Press
7. Maron, S. & Prutton , Physical Chemistry
8. Ball, D. W. Physical Chemistry, Thomson Press
9. Mortimer, R. G. Physical Chemistry, 2nd Edition, Elsevier
10. Glasstone, S. & Lewis, G.N. Elements of Physical Chemistry
11. Rakshit, P.C., Physical Chemistry,Sarat Book House
12. Moore, W. J. Physical Chemistry, Orient Longman
13. Denbigh, K. The Principles of Chemical Equilibrium ,Cambridge
14. Zemansky, M. W. & Dittman, R.H. Heat and Thermodynamics, Tata-McGraw- Hil
15. Glasstone, S. An Introduction to Electrochemistry, East-West Press.
16. Klotz, I.M., Rosenberg, R. M.Chemical Thermodynamics:Basic Concepts and Methods , 7th Edition, Wiley